What is the anatomy of the abdominal wall?

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Last updated: February 8, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Anatomy of the Abdominal Wall

The abdominal wall is composed of multiple layers, with the anterior abdominal wall consisting of three layers:

  • Skin and adipose tissues
  • The myofascial layer
  • The deep layer, consisting of the transversalis fascia, preperitoneal fat, and the parietal peritoneum 1 Alternatively, it is also described as being composed of nine abdominal layers, including fascias, muscles, nerves, and vessels 2

Layers of the Abdominal Wall

The layers of the abdominal wall include:

  • Superficial and extra peritoneal planes: skin, fat, and muscles 3
  • The myofascial layer, which includes the external oblique muscle, the internal oblique muscle, and the transversus abdominis muscle
  • The deep layer, which includes the transversalis fascia, preperitoneal fat, and the parietal peritoneum 1

Vascular Anatomy

The abdominal wall is supplied by many superficial and deep vessels and their anastomoses, with anatomical variations of these vessels often presented 2 The vascular anatomy of the abdominal wall is fundamental for abdominal surgery, and sound knowledge of it is a prerequisite for favorable patient care 2

Changes in the Abdominal Wall

Changes in the abdominal wall can occur after component separation, including displacement of the external oblique muscle and shifts in the transversus abdominis muscle 4 The anatomy and physiology of abdominal wall muscles are preserved mainly by the muscles' overlapping function and their ability to undergo compensatory trophism after midline restoration (reloading) 4

Comparison with Animal Species

The anatomy of the abdominal wall differs between animal species, with the pig being recommended for simulation-based training of the transversus abdominis plane block due to its closely homologous abdominal wall structure 5 The mammalian abdominal wall follows a similar framework, but with particular differences among mammals, including the additional muscular layer of the panniculus carnosus and variable arterial origins and dominant vascular supply of the abdominal wall 5

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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