What is the pharmacological treatment for lacunar infarcts?

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From the Guidelines

腔隙性脑梗的药物治疗主要涉及抗血小板治疗,首选阿司匹林,通常从症状发作后24-48小时内开始,剂量为81-325毫克每日,持续使用。根据1的研究,阿司匹林是首选治疗药物,对于不能耐受阿司匹林的患者,克罗匹格雷75毫克每日是一个替代选择。对于高风险患者,双重抗血小板治疗可以使用阿司匹林81毫克加克罗匹格雷75毫克每日,持续21天,然后转换为单一抗血小板药物长期使用。同时,血压管理也是非常重要的,目标是<130/80毫米汞柱,使用药物如ACE抑制剂、ARB、钙通道阻滞剂或噻嗪类利尿剂。他汀类药物也被推荐使用,无论基线胆固醇水平如何,通常使用阿托伐他汀40-80毫克或罗苏伐他汀20-40毫克每日,目标是使LDL水平低于70毫克/分升。

一些关键的研究结果支持这些治疗策略,例如:

  • 阿司匹林和扩释地平钙对比阿司匹林单独治疗在脑缺血性疾病中的研究1
  • 双重抗血小板治疗与单一抗血小板治疗在急性非心源性脑缺血或短暂性脑缺血发作中的有效性和安全性分析1
  • 他汀类药物在预防脑卒中的复发中的作用1

这些药物通过防止血小板聚集、降低血压、稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块来预防复发性中风。同时,糖尿病管理、戒烟和生活方式的改变也是腔隙性脑梗综合治疗的重要组成部分。

From the FDA Drug Label

  1. 5 Increased Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke in Patients on Atorvastatin Calcium Tablets 80 mg with Recent Hemorrhagic Stroke In a post-hoc analysis of the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial where 2,365 adult patients, without CHD who had a stroke or TIA within the preceding 6 months, were treated with atorvastatin calcium 80 mg, a higher incidence of hemorrhagic stroke was seen in the atorvastatin calcium 80 mg group compared to placebo (55,2.3% atorvastatin calcium vs. 33,1.4% placebo; HR: 1.68,95% CI: 1.09,2.59; p=0. 0168). Some baseline characteristics, including hemorrhagic and lacunar stroke on study entry, were associated with a higher incidence of hemorrhagic stroke in the atorvastatin calcium group [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1)] . Consider the risk/benefit of use of atorvastatin calcium 80 mg in patients with recent hemorrhagic stroke.

腔隙性脑梗的药物治疗 根据2的研究,阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)80mg可能会增加最近发生脑出血性中风患者的出血性中风风险。因此,在治疗腔隙性脑梗时,应谨慎考虑阿托伐他汀的使用,并权衡其风险和益处。 然而,3的研究表明,氯吡格雷(clopidogrel)可能对预防缺血性中风有一定的作用,但其对腔隙性脑梗的具体治疗作用尚不明确。 综上所述,腔隙性脑梗的药物治疗应根据个体情况进行选择,应考虑患者的具体病情、风险因素和药物的潜在益处和风险。

From the Research

腔隙性脑梗的药物治疗

概述

腔隙性脑梗是一种常见的脑卒中类型,主要由脑小血管疾病引起。药物治疗是预防复发的重要手段。

单一抗血小板治疗

  • 研究4表明,阿司匹林可以显著减少腔隙性脑梗患者的复发风险。
  • 研究5发现,单一抗血小板治疗(包括阿司匹林、氯吡格雷等)可以减少复发性脑卒中的风险。

双重抗血小板治疗

  • 研究6发现,双重抗血小板治疗(阿司匹林加氯吡格雷)并不能显著减少腔隙性脑梗患者的复发风险,反而增加了出血和死亡的风险。
  • 研究5也发现,双重抗血小板治疗并没有明显的益处。

其他治疗

  • 研究7推荐早期使用阿司匹林治疗急性缺血性脑卒中,并建议使用抗血小板剂或抗凝剂预防复发。
  • 研究8强调了风险因素的修改和治疗的重要性,包括控制血压、降低血脂等。

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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