From the Research
The normal structure of the trabecular meshwork is a complex, fenestrated, three-dimensional structure composed of trabecular meshwork cells interdigitated into a multilayered organization within the extracellular matrix. The trabecular meshwork is a specialized tissue located at the angle where the cornea meets the iris in the eye, forming a critical component of the eye's drainage system. It consists of a network of beams or trabeculae made of collagen and elastic fibers, with spaces between them that allow aqueous humor to flow through. The trabecular meshwork functions primarily to regulate intraocular pressure by controlling the outflow of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye. As aqueous humor passes through the trabecular meshwork, it enters Schlemm's canal and eventually drains into episcleral veins.
- The meshwork has three distinct layers: the uveal meshwork (innermost), corneoscleral meshwork (middle), and juxtacanalicular tissue (adjacent to Schlemm's canal) 1.
- Trabecular meshwork cells actively participate in maintaining this structure by producing extracellular matrix components and enzymes that regulate matrix turnover 2.
- These cells also possess contractile properties that can influence the resistance to aqueous outflow 3.
- Dysfunction of the trabecular meshwork, such as increased resistance to outflow, is a primary cause of elevated intraocular pressure in glaucoma, particularly open-angle glaucoma 4. The most recent and highest quality study on this topic is from 2023, which provides an overview of current glaucomatous trabecular meshwork models 4. This study highlights the importance of understanding the structure and function of the trabecular meshwork in the context of glaucoma, and how dysfunction of this tissue can lead to elevated intraocular pressure.
- The study also discusses the potential for developing new therapeutic strategies targeting the trabecular meshwork, which could help to improve treatment options for glaucoma patients 4. Overall, the normal structure and function of the trabecular meshwork is critical for maintaining healthy intraocular pressure and preventing glaucoma.