From the Guidelines
The MMR vaccine is contraindicated in individuals with a history of anaphylactic reaction to neomycin, allergic reaction to gelatin or other vaccine components, altered immunity, primary or acquired immunodeficiency, and pregnancy, as stated in the most recent and highest quality study 1. The contraindications to the MMR vaccine can be summarized as follows:
- History of anaphylactic reaction to neomycin
- Allergic reaction to gelatin or other vaccine components
- Altered immunity, including blood dyscrasias, leukemia, lymphomas, or other malignant neoplasms affecting the bone marrow or lymphatic system
- Primary or acquired immunodeficiency, including HIV infections/AIDS, cellular immune deficiencies, hypogammaglobulinemia, and dysgammaglobulinemia
- Family history of congenital or hereditary immunodeficiencies, unless the immune competence of the potential vaccine recipient has been demonstrated
- Systemic immunosuppressive therapy, including oral steroids ≥2 mg/kg of body weight or ≥20 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent for persons who weigh >10 kg, when administered for ≥2 weeks
- Pregnancy These contraindications are based on the potential risks of the live attenuated viruses in the MMR vaccine, which could cause disease in vulnerable individuals whose immune systems cannot properly control the vaccine strain viruses 1. Additionally, precautions should be taken in individuals with recent receipt of antibody-containing blood products, history of thrombocytopenia or thrombocytopenic purpura, moderate or severe acute illness with or without fever, and personal or family history of seizures of any etiology 1. It is essential to note that a history of contact dermatitis to neomycin is not a contraindication to receiving the MMR vaccine, as neomycin allergy is most often manifested as a delayed or cell-mediated immune response rather than anaphylaxis 1.
From the Research
Contraindications to MMR Vaccine
The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine has several contraindications, including:
- Anaphylaxis to gelatin, as gelatin is used as a stabilizer in the vaccine 2, 3, 4
- History of anaphylaxis to a previous dose of the MMR vaccine or to any component of the vaccine 2, 3
- Severe allergic reactions to the vaccine, such as urticaria, angioedema, or asthma 4
Allergies and the MMR Vaccine
While egg allergy is often a concern for vaccine administration, the MMR vaccine is generally safe for individuals with egg allergies 5, 6. However, gelatin allergy is a more significant concern, as gelatin is a common component of the MMR vaccine 2, 3, 4. Individuals with a history of gelatin allergy or sensitivity should be evaluated before receiving the MMR vaccine.
Special Considerations
In cases where an individual has a history of anaphylaxis or severe allergic reactions to the MMR vaccine, alternative vaccination strategies may be necessary 2, 4. Additionally, individuals with severe immunodeficiency or those taking immunosuppressive therapy should not receive the MMR vaccine 6. It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best course of action for individuals with specific allergies or medical conditions.