What are the benefits and dangers of using Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-C) for therapeutic purposes?

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Last updated: June 30, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

MOTS-C, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, holds promise for treating metabolic disorders, but its use should be approached with caution due to potential risks and the need for further clinical evaluation, as evidenced by recent studies such as 1 and 2. The benefits of MOTS-C include improved insulin sensitivity, enhanced glucose metabolism, and potential anti-aging effects through its activation of AMPK pathways and regulation of cellular metabolism. Research suggests it may help treat type 2 diabetes, obesity, and age-related metabolic decline by improving mitochondrial function and reducing inflammation. For instance, a study published in 2022 1 demonstrated that MOTS-C can alleviate hyperglycemia and improve insulin sensitivity in gestational diabetes mellitus. Another study from 2021 2 found that MOTS-C reduces myostatin and muscle atrophy signaling, indicating its potential in treating muscle wasting diseases.

However, MOTS-C therapy presents several dangers, including unknown long-term effects, potential immune reactions, risk of metabolic imbalances, and possible oncogenic effects since it influences cellular growth pathways. Additionally, MOTS-C is not yet FDA-approved for human use, with most research limited to animal models or early clinical trials. The optimal dosing, administration methods, and treatment durations remain undetermined. Some key points to consider about MOTS-C include:

  • Its ability to improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, as shown in studies such as 1 and 2
  • Its potential to treat type 2 diabetes, obesity, and age-related metabolic decline
  • The need for further clinical evaluation to determine its safety and efficacy in humans
  • The potential risks associated with its use, including unknown long-term effects and possible oncogenic effects
  • The importance of establishing safety protocols for its use outside of clinical trials

Given the current state of research, it is crucial to prioritize caution and thorough clinical evaluation before considering MOTS-C for therapeutic use, as highlighted by the lack of long-term safety data and the potential for adverse effects, as noted in studies such as 3 and 4.

References

Research

MOTS-c reduces myostatin and muscle atrophy signaling.

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2021

Research

Plasma MOTS-c levels are associated with insulin sensitivity in lean but not in obese individuals.

Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 2018

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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