From the Research
Coxsackievirus infections in children are typically mild and self-limiting, with most kids recovering completely within 7-10 days without specific treatment. The severity varies depending on the specific strain and the child's immune system. Most commonly, children experience hand, foot, and mouth disease with symptoms including fever, sore throat, painful mouth sores, and a rash on the hands, feet, and sometimes buttocks. According to a study published in 2014 1, Coxsackievirus A16 is one of the major pathogens associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease in infants and young children, and the disease is generally thought to be mild and self-limiting. However, some studies have reported severe and fatal cases involving Coxsackievirus A16, especially in cases of co-infection with other enteroviruses 1, 2.
Treatment focuses on symptom management with acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and pain (dosed by weight according to package instructions), plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, and soft foods that don't irritate mouth sores. While rare, more serious complications can occur, including viral meningitis, myocarditis (heart inflammation), or severe infections in newborns, as reported in a study published in 1983 3. Parents should seek immediate medical attention if their child shows signs of severe illness such as persistent high fever, unusual drowsiness, severe headache, stiff neck, rapid breathing, or chest pain. The virus spreads through direct contact with respiratory droplets, fecal matter, or contaminated surfaces, so good handwashing and hygiene practices are essential for prevention, especially in daycare or school settings.
Some key points to consider:
- Coxsackievirus infections can be severe in newborns, especially if acquired perinatally 3, 4
- Early recognition and treatment of severe cases can improve outcomes 4
- Prevention through good hygiene practices is crucial in reducing the spread of the virus 5
- Parents should be aware of the signs of severe illness and seek medical attention promptly if concerned.