What causes green urine (urine discoloration)?

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Last updated: February 27, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Green urine is most likely caused by the use of methylene blue, a dye-based contrast agent, which can result in a green hue to the urine due to its renal excretion. This is based on the study by the american gastroenterological association (aga) institute technology assessment on image-enhanced endoscopy 1. The study highlights that methylene blue staining can persist for up to 24 hours until complete renal excretion, leading to a green discoloration of the urine.

Some key points to consider when evaluating green urine include:

  • Certain medications, such as methylene blue, can cause urine discoloration due to their pigment properties
  • Foods with strong pigments, like asparagus, may also contribute to greenish urine
  • Medical conditions, including urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas bacteria or liver and bile duct problems, can produce green urine
  • Persistent green discoloration without an obvious cause warrants medical evaluation to rule out underlying conditions

It is essential to note that while occasional green urine from food or medication is usually harmless, persistent or accompanied by concerning symptoms, such as pain or fever, requires prompt medical attention. Proper hydration can help dilute urine and reduce the intensity of unusual coloration, but it is crucial to address the underlying cause of the discoloration. As stated in the study 1, methylene blue is a common cause of green urine, and its use should be considered when evaluating patients with this symptom.

From the FDA Drug Label

The FDA drug label does not answer the question.

From the Research

Causes of Green Urine

  • Exogenous substances such as medications, food colorings, and traditional Chinese medicines can cause green urine discoloration 2, 3, 4
  • Specific medications associated with green urine include:
    • Methylene blue 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
    • Propofol 3, 4
    • Metoclopramide 4
    • Indigo blue 4
    • Amitriptyline 4
    • Methocarbamol 4
    • Indomethacin 4
    • Promethazine 4
    • Cimetidine 4
  • Infections such as pseudomonas can also cause green urine 3
  • A bezoar effect, where methylene blue is retained in the bowel and then reabsorbed, can also lead to green urine 5
  • Renal failure can cause a delay in the appearance of methylene blue in the urine, leading to green discoloration 6

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Green urine.

Clinical case reports, 2017

Research

Green Urine And Altered Mental Status: A Case Of Intoxication.

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC, 2019

Research

Green urine: A bezoar effect.

Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2016

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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