Differential Diagnosis for Persistent Cough
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Chronic Bronchitis: This is often the most common cause of a persistent cough, especially in smokers or those exposed to pollutants. The chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes leads to a persistent cough, often productive of mucus.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Asthma: A chronic condition characterized by inflammation and constriction of the airways, leading to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Asthma can cause a persistent cough, especially at night or with exercise.
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus can irritate the throat and lungs, causing a persistent cough. This is more common in people who experience heartburn or regurgitation.
- Postnasal Drip: Mucus from the nose dripping down the back of the throat can cause a persistent cough, especially in people with allergies or a cold.
- Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can cause a persistent cough, which may be productive of mucus or blood.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Lung Cancer: Although less common, lung cancer can cause a persistent cough, especially in smokers or those exposed to carcinogens. Early detection is crucial for treatment.
- Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that can cause a persistent cough, often accompanied by weight loss, fever, and night sweats. TB is more common in people with weakened immune systems or those who have traveled to areas where TB is prevalent.
- Pulmonary Embolism: A blood clot in the lungs that can cause a sudden onset of cough, often accompanied by chest pain and shortness of breath. This is a medical emergency.
Rare Diagnoses
- Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs and digestive system, leading to a persistent cough and other respiratory symptoms. This is more common in children and young adults.
- Sarcoidosis: A condition characterized by the growth of granulomas (inflammatory cells) in the lungs, which can cause a persistent cough and other respiratory symptoms.
- Bronchiectasis: A condition where the airways are damaged, leading to a persistent cough and recurrent lung infections. This can be caused by infections, cystic fibrosis, or other conditions.