From the Guidelines
D-limonene should be avoided during pregnancy due to the lack of sufficient research regarding its safety and potential effects on fetal development. The safety of d-limonene during pregnancy is uncertain, and it's generally recommended to exercise caution when using it 1. D-limonene, a compound found in citrus peels and used in many cleaning products, essential oils, and food flavorings, lacks sufficient research regarding its safety during pregnancy. While normal dietary exposure through citrus fruits is likely safe, concentrated forms in supplements or essential oils should be avoided. The concern stems from d-limonene's ability to cross the placenta and its potential effects on hormone regulation, which could theoretically impact fetal development. Additionally, some women may experience skin sensitivity to d-limonene during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. If you've been using products containing d-limonene, consider switching to pregnancy-safe alternatives for cleaning and aromatherapy. Always consult with your healthcare provider before using any supplements or concentrated essential oils during pregnancy. Key considerations include:
- The potential for d-limonene to cross the placenta and affect fetal development
- The lack of sufficient research on the safety of d-limonene during pregnancy
- The possibility of skin sensitivity to d-limonene during pregnancy due to hormonal changes
- The importance of consulting with a healthcare provider before using any supplements or concentrated essential oils during pregnancy 1.
From the Research
D-Limonene Safety in Pregnancy
- The safety of d-limonene during pregnancy is not explicitly stated in most studies, but some evidence suggests it may not be entirely safe 2.
- D-limonene is listed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use as a flavoring agent in food items, indicating low toxicity 3.
- However, a study on pregnant rat myometrium found that d-limonene caused myometrial contraction in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting potential risks during pregnancy 2.
- The study also found that l-limonene had an antioxidant effect, but both d- and l-limonene may increase pregnant uterus contractility, and their use should be avoided during pregnancy 2.
- Another study evaluated the safety and risk assessment of d-limonene, concluding that it appears to exert no serious risk for human exposure, but skin irritation potential necessitates regulation in cosmetics 4.
- There is limited information on the use of d-limonene during pregnancy, and it is not classified in the same risk categories as other medications 5, 6.
- As with any substance, it is essential to exercise caution and consult with a healthcare professional before using d-limonene during pregnancy.
Key Findings
- D-limonene may cause myometrial contraction in pregnant rats 2.
- D-limonene is considered to have low toxicity and is listed as GRAS for use as a flavoring agent 3.
- Skin irritation potential necessitates regulation of d-limonene in cosmetics 4.
- Limited information is available on the use of d-limonene during pregnancy, and it is not classified in the same risk categories as other medications 5, 6.