From the Guidelines
Amlodipine can cause gum overgrowth (gingival hyperplasia) in some patients, which is a significant consideration for gum health. This side effect is mentioned in the context of treating hypertension in patients on ciclosporin therapy, where calcium antagonists like amlodipine are preferred due to their lack of interaction with ciclosporin metabolism and their nephroprotective effects 1. However, it's crucial to note that calcium antagonists, including amlodipine, have the disadvantage of inducing gingival hyperplasia, which could potentially exacerbate the effect of ciclosporin on gum health.
Key points to consider regarding the impact of amlodipine on gum health include:
- The potential for gingival hyperplasia as a side effect of amlodipine, which could affect oral hygiene and overall gum health.
- The importance of maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups for patients on amlodipine to monitor for any adverse effects on the gums.
- The possibility of managing or mitigating gum overgrowth through adjustments in medication or other dental interventions if necessary.
It's essential for patients taking amlodipine to be aware of the potential effects on their gum health and to work closely with both their prescribing physician and dentist to manage any issues that may arise 1.
From the Research
Impact of Amlodipine on Gum Health
The impact of amlodipine on gum health is a significant concern, as several studies have reported cases of gingival overgrowth, hyperplasia, and enlargement associated with the use of this medication.
- Amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowth is a rare but potential side effect of the drug, as reported in a case study published in the Avicenna journal of medicine 2.
- The exact mechanism of amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia is not clearly understood, but it is thought to be related to the drug's effect on calcium channels and the resulting increase in gingival tissue growth 3.
- Studies have shown that the incidence of amlodipine-induced gingival hyperplasia is relatively low compared to other calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine 4, 5.
- However, cases of amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement have been reported in patients taking the drug at a dose of 5 mg once a day, highlighting the need for dental professionals to be aware of this potential side effect 3, 5.
- In some cases, stopping or substituting amlodipine with another medication has led to significant improvement or regression of gingival hyperplasia 3, 4, 6.
- The severity and rapidity of gingival enlargement can be triggered by factors such as increasing the dose of amlodipine, concomitant use of other medications, and underlying medical conditions like hypertension and chronic renal failure 2, 6.