What are the treatment options for rosacea?

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Last updated: July 1, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Treatment for rosacea should prioritize topical metronidazole (0.75% or 1% gel or cream applied once or twice daily) as first-line therapy, given its efficacy in reducing inflammatory lesions and perilesional erythema, as demonstrated in studies such as 1.

Overview of Treatment Options

Treatment options for rosacea include both topical and oral medications, as well as lifestyle modifications. Topical treatments are typically first-line therapy and may include:

  • Metronidazole (0.75% or 1% gel or cream applied once or twice daily) 1
  • Azelaic acid (15-20% applied twice daily) 1
  • Ivermectin (1% cream applied once daily) 1
  • Brimonidine (0.33% gel for temporary reduction of redness) For moderate to severe rosacea, oral antibiotics may be prescribed, particularly:
  • Doxycycline (40-100mg daily for 8-12 weeks) 1
  • Minocycline (50-100mg daily)

Lifestyle Modifications

Lifestyle modifications are crucial and include:

  • Avoiding triggers such as spicy foods, alcohol, extreme temperatures, sun exposure, and stress
  • Daily use of gentle cleansers, fragrance-free moisturizers, and broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+) 1

Additional Therapies

Additional therapies that may be considered include laser and light therapies to reduce persistent redness and visible blood vessels. Treatment effectiveness varies by individual and rosacea subtype, so a personalized approach under dermatological guidance is recommended, often combining multiple therapies for optimal control 1.

From the FDA Drug Label

To use AZELEX® Cream for the full prescribed treatment period. If sensitivity or severe irritation develop with the use of AZELEX® Cream, treatment should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted.

The treatment options for rosacea include the use of azelaic acid cream, such as AZELEX® Cream, as prescribed by a physician.

  • Patients should use the cream for the full prescribed treatment period.
  • If sensitivity or severe irritation develop, treatment should be discontinued and appropriate therapy instituted 2.

From the Research

Treatment Options for Rosacea

The treatment options for rosacea include:

  • Topical medications such as metronidazole, azelaic acid, and sodium sulfacetamide-sulfur 3, 4, 5, 6
  • Oral antibiotics such as tetracyclines, metronidazole, and doxycycline 3, 7, 6
  • Laser and light-based therapies, including intense pulsed light and pulsed dye laser 5
  • Surgical procedures, such as those used to treat rhinophyma 5

Topical Treatments

Topical treatments are often used as a first-line treatment for rosacea, and include:

  • Metronidazole, which has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammatory lesions and erythema 3, 7, 6
  • Azelaic acid, which has been shown to be effective in reducing papules and pustules 4, 5, 6
  • Sodium sulfacetamide-sulfur, which has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammatory lesions and erythema 4, 5

Oral Treatments

Oral treatments are often used in combination with topical treatments, and include:

  • Doxycycline, which has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammatory lesions and erythema 3, 7, 6
  • Tetracyclines, which have been shown to be effective in reducing papules and pustules 7, 6
  • Isotretinoin, which may be used in resistant cases of rosacea 7, 6

Combination Therapy

Combination therapy, such as the use of topical metronidazole and oral doxycycline, may be effective in treating rosacea 3, 6

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Rosacea and its topical management.

Skin therapy letter, 2009

Research

Rosacea management: A comprehensive review.

Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2022

Research

Current topical and systemic approaches to treatment of rosacea.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 2009

Research

Treatment of rosacea.

Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie, 2011

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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