From the Guidelines
The prevalence of allergic rhinosinusitis in India is estimated to be between 10% to 40% of the population, as indicated by global estimates of allergic rhinitis. This condition is known to significantly impact the quality of life, school and work performance, and is a frequent reason for office visits in general practice 1. While specific data for India may vary, the global prevalence range provides a foundation for understanding the potential scope of allergic rhinosinusitis in the country.
- Key factors that could influence the prevalence in India include regional variations, urban vs. rural settings, age groups, and exposure to specific allergens such as house dust mites, pollen, mold spores, and air pollution.
- The condition's impact on the population, including its effects on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life, underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis and effective management strategies.
- Given the broad range of potential prevalence, it is crucial to consider the most recent and highest quality studies available to guide clinical practice and public health initiatives. However, based on the provided evidence, a precise prevalence rate specific to India cannot be determined, highlighting the need for more targeted research in this area 1.
From the Research
Prevalence of Allergic Rhinosinusitis in India
- The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in India is approximately 22% among adolescents, as reported in a study published in 2023 2.
- However, due to the lack of adequate epidemiological studies, particularly in rural and suburban areas, this number may not accurately represent the true burden of the disease in India 2.
- A study published in 2020 estimated that there are 37.5 million cases of asthma in India, and recent studies have reported a rise in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma 3.
- Another study published in 2015 found that the prevalence of chronic fungal rhinosinusitis in rural India was 0.11% of the population, with Aspergillus flavus being the predominant agent 4.
- A 2023 review noted that epidemiological studies have shown a rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases in India over the last two decades, but recent evidence suggests a decrease in allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis in children 5.
Risk Factors and Challenges
- The risk factors for allergic rhinitis in India include environmental exposures, genetic factors, and new environmental, social, and behavioral risk factors such as exposure to artificial light at night and the presence of dumpsters near residences 2.
- The diagnosis and management of allergic rhinitis in India are often suboptimal due to the lack of specialized training in allergy and immunology, lack of diagnostic facilities, and high cost of medications 2.
- The treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma is sub-optimal in a significant proportion of cases due to factors such as unaffordability of medications, low national gross domestic product, and lack of access to allergen-specific immunotherapy and biologics 3.
- Air pollution is a significant challenge in India, with high levels of particulate matter (PM)2.5 generated from traffic pollution, use of fossil fuel and biomass fuel, and burning of incense sticks and mosquito coils 3.