From the Guidelines
A basic Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) panel should include tests for chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B and C, as recommended by the most recent guidelines 1. When ordering a basic STI panel, it is essential to consider the individual's risk factors and symptoms. The panel should include:
- Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for chlamydia and gonorrhea, which can be performed on urine samples or genital swabs
- Syphilis testing, which usually involves a blood test that may include both non-treponemal (RPR or VDRL) and treponemal-specific tests
- HIV screening, which is done through blood tests that detect antibodies and antigens
- Hepatitis B and C testing, which involves blood tests for viral antigens and antibodies Some providers may also include herpes simplex virus (HSV) testing, though this isn't always part of standard panels unless symptoms are present. For women, testing for trichomoniasis may be included, especially if symptoms such as vaginal discharge or itching are present 1. The specific collection methods depend on the test but typically involve blood samples, urine specimens, or swabs from potentially infected sites. Testing frequency should be based on individual risk factors, with sexually active individuals getting tested at least annually or after each new partner, as many STIs can be asymptomatic, making regular screening essential for early detection and preventing transmission 1.
From the Research
Basic STI Panel Tests
The following tests are typically included in a basic Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) panel:
- Gonorrhea
- Chlamydia
- Syphilis
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 2 Other tests that may be included are:
- Hepatitis B and C
- Trichomonas
- Herpes 2
Additional Tests
Depending on the population and prevalence of specific diseases, other tests may be recommended, such as:
Testing Recommendations
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends at least yearly STI screening of HIV-infected individuals, including tests for syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea 5 It is essential to consider the epidemiology of STIs in the population being tested, as well as the individual's symptoms and risk factors, when determining which tests to include in the STI panel 2, 3, 4