From the Research
Prurigo simplex is primarily caused by chronic scratching or rubbing of the skin in response to persistent itching, with triggers including insect bites, contact dermatitis, dry skin, atopic dermatitis, and systemic conditions like kidney disease, liver disease, or thyroid disorders, as well as psychological factors such as stress and anxiety. The exact causes of prurigo simplex can vary, but they often involve a combination of factors that lead to persistent itching and scratching. According to the most recent study 1, prurigo is a reactive, hyperplastic skin condition characterized by pruritic papules, plaques, and/or nodules, with different clinical variants and underlying etiological factors.
Some of the key factors that can contribute to the development of prurigo simplex include:
- Insect bites and stings, which can cause an allergic reaction and lead to itching and scratching 2
- Contact dermatitis, which can be caused by exposure to irritants or allergens in the environment 2
- Dry skin, which can lead to itching and scratching, especially in individuals with a history of atopic dermatitis 1
- Atopic dermatitis, which is a chronic skin condition characterized by itching, inflammation, and dryness 1
- Systemic conditions, such as kidney disease, liver disease, or thyroid disorders, which can cause itching and scratching due to changes in the body's chemistry 3
- Psychological factors, such as stress and anxiety, which can exacerbate the condition by intensifying the itch-scratch cycle 4
The pathophysiology of prurigo simplex involves neurogenic inflammation and altered nerve fiber density in affected skin areas, with increased levels of neuropeptides like substance P contributing to the persistent itch sensation 1. Genetic predisposition may also play a role, particularly in individuals with a personal or family history of atopic conditions 1.
Treatment of prurigo simplex typically focuses on breaking the itch-scratch cycle through topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, and addressing the underlying cause when identifiable 1. In some cases, systemic immunosuppressants, immunobiologicals, and JAK inhibitors may be necessary to achieve clinical improvement and quality of life 1.