Elbow Pain Differential Diagnosis
The following is a differential diagnosis for elbow pain, categorized for clarity and emphasis on potential severity.
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): This is a common condition characterized by pain on the outer part of the elbow, often related to overuse of the forearm muscles and tendons. It's frequently seen in individuals who participate in activities that involve repetitive wrist and arm movements.
- Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow): Similar to lateral epicondylitis but occurs on the inner aspect of the elbow, typically affecting individuals who engage in activities that involve gripping and twisting motions.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Olecranon Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa at the back of the elbow, which can be caused by trauma, infection, or repetitive pressure on the elbow. It presents as swelling and pain at the elbow.
- Elbow Strain or Sprain: Overstretching or tearing of the ligaments or muscles around the elbow, usually due to a sudden injury or overuse.
- Radial Head Fracture: A fracture of the radial head, which is a common injury that can occur from a fall onto an outstretched hand. It causes pain on the outside of the elbow.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Septic Arthritis: A bacterial infection within the joint space, which is a medical emergency requiring prompt antibiotic treatment and possibly surgical intervention. Symptoms include severe pain, swelling, redness, and warmth around the joint.
- Osteomyelitis: An infection of the bone, which can occur in the bones of the elbow. It's a serious condition that requires early diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term damage.
- Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, which can cause numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and arm. If left untreated, it can lead to permanent nerve damage.
Rare Diagnoses
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation and pain in the elbow, among other joints. While not as common as other causes of elbow pain, it's an important consideration in patients with systemic symptoms or multiple joint involvement.
- Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors can occur around the elbow, causing pain and other symptoms. These are rare but important to consider in the differential diagnosis, especially in cases where the pain is persistent and unexplained.
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS): A condition characterized by chronic pain, inflammation, and hypersensitivity following an injury or trauma. It's rare but can be debilitating, requiring early recognition and multidisciplinary management.