What are the symptoms and treatment options for Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: July 6, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

From the FDA Drug Label

Restless Legs Syndrome: Ropinirole hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) Key diagnostic criteria for RLS are: an urge to move the legs usually accompanied or caused by uncomfortable and unpleasant leg sensations; symptoms begin or worsen during periods of rest or inactivity such as lying or sitting; symptoms are partially or totally relieved by movement such as walking or stretching at least as long as the activity continues; and symptoms are worse or occur only in the evening or night. The most commonly observed adverse events (>5%) in the 12-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in the treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome with ropinirole hydrochloride (n = 496) and at least twice the rate for placebo-treated patients (n = 500) were, in order of decreasing incidence: nausea, somnolence, vomiting, dizziness, and fatigue

The symptoms of Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) include:

  • An urge to move the legs usually accompanied or caused by uncomfortable and unpleasant leg sensations
  • Symptoms begin or worsen during periods of rest or inactivity such as lying or sitting
  • Symptoms are partially or totally relieved by movement such as walking or stretching at least as long as the activity continues
  • Symptoms are worse or occur only in the evening or night

The treatment options for RLS include:

  • Ropinirole hydrochloride tablets, which are indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
  • Common adverse events associated with ropinirole hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of RLS include:
    • Nausea
    • Somnolence
    • Vomiting
    • Dizziness
    • Fatigue 1

From the Research

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) should be treated with alpha2-delta calcium channel ligands, such as gabapentin or pregabalin, as first-line pharmacological treatment, due to their efficacy and lower risk of augmentation compared to dopamine agonists, as suggested by the most recent study 2. The symptoms of RLS include uncomfortable sensations in the legs with an irresistible urge to move them, typically occurring during periods of rest, especially in the evening or at night. Symptoms can be described as crawling, tingling, or aching feelings in the legs that are temporarily relieved by movement. For mild RLS, lifestyle modifications are the first approach, including:

  • Regular exercise
  • Avoiding caffeine and alcohol
  • Maintaining good sleep hygiene
  • Applying warm or cold compresses For moderate to severe cases, medication is necessary. Some key points to consider in the treatment of RLS include:
  • Iron supplementation (ferrous sulfate 325 mg with vitamin C for absorption) is recommended for patients with ferritin levels below 75 ng/mL, as iron deficiency can worsen RLS symptoms 2.
  • Treatment should be monitored regularly for augmentation, a phenomenon where symptoms worsen or begin earlier in the day due to long-term dopaminergic medication use 2, 3, 4.
  • Alternative pharmacological agents, such as clonidine, adenosinergic agents, glutamate AMPA receptor blocking agents, and various anticonvulsants, may be considered for patients who do not respond to first-line treatments or experience intolerable side effects 5. However, the most recent and highest quality study 2 suggests that alpha2-delta calcium channel ligands, such as gabapentin or pregabalin, should be the first-line pharmacological treatment for RLS, due to their efficacy and lower risk of augmentation compared to dopamine agonists.

References

Research

Treatment of restless legs syndrome.

Current treatment options in neurology, 2013

Research

Strategies for the treatment of restless legs syndrome.

Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2012

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.