Differential Diagnosis for Blurry Vision

• Single most likely diagnosis
  • Refractive error (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism): This is the most common cause of blurry vision, often correctable with glasses or contact lenses. It's a straightforward diagnosis that can be made with a simple eye exam.
• Other Likely diagnoses
  • Dry eye syndrome: This condition can cause blurry vision due to inadequate tear production or poor tear quality. It's a common issue, especially in older adults or those who spend a lot of time on computers.
  • Cataracts: A clouding of the lens in the eye that can cause blurry vision, especially in older adults. It's a common age-related condition.
  • Presbyopia: An age-related decline in near vision, often starting in the early to mid-40s. It's a normal part of aging.
  • Glaucoma: A group of eye conditions that can damage the optic nerve, leading to blurry vision and potentially blindness if left untreated. It's a significant cause of vision loss, especially in older adults.
• Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
  • Diabetic retinopathy: A complication of diabetes that can cause blurry vision, blindness, and even death if left untreated. Early detection and treatment are crucial.
  • Retinal detachment: A medical emergency that can cause sudden blurry vision and permanent vision loss if not treated promptly.
  • Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA): A sudden onset of blurry vision can be a symptom of a stroke or TIA, which requires immediate medical attention.
  • Optic neuritis: Inflammation of the optic nerve that can cause blurry vision, pain, and even permanent vision loss if left untreated.
• Rare diagnoses
  • Multiple sclerosis: A chronic condition that can cause blurry vision, among other symptoms, due to damage to the optic nerve.
  • Thyroid eye disease: A condition in which the tissues around the eye, including the eyelids, eye socket, and lacrimal gland, become inflamed due to a thyroid disorder.
  • Uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye, which can cause blurry vision and eye pain.
  • Orbital tumors: Rare tumors that can cause blurry vision, double vision, and other eye symptoms due to pressure on the eye or optic nerve.