Differential Diagnosis for Acute Hair Loss in a 60-year-old Female
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Telogen Effluvium: This condition is characterized by a significant increase in hair shedding due to a disruption in the normal hair growth cycle. It can be triggered by stress, hormonal changes, or medical conditions, making it a common cause of acute hair loss in postmenopausal women.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Androgenetic Alopecia: Also known as female pattern hair loss, this condition is common in postmenopausal women and is characterized by thinning of hair over the scalp.
- Alopecia Areata: An autoimmune condition that can cause patchy hair loss, which may be more noticeable in older adults due to decreased hair density.
- Thyroid Disorders: Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can cause hair loss, and these conditions are more common in women, especially after menopause.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in iron, zinc, or biotin can lead to hair loss, and these deficiencies can be more common in older adults due to decreased dietary intake or malabsorption.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Hypopituitarism: A rare condition characterized by decreased production of pituitary hormones, which can cause hair loss, among other symptoms. Missing this diagnosis could lead to significant morbidity if left untreated.
- Cancer: Certain types of cancer, such as lymphoma or leukemia, can cause hair loss. Although rare, it is crucial to consider these diagnoses to avoid delayed treatment.
- Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis can cause hair loss and have significant implications if left untreated.
Rare Diagnoses
- Trichotillomania: A psychological disorder characterized by compulsive hair pulling, which can cause significant hair loss.
- Tinea Capitis: A fungal infection of the scalp that can cause hair loss, although it is more common in children.
- Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A rare condition characterized by scarring hair loss, typically affecting postmenopausal women.
- Loose Anagen Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by fragile hair that breaks easily, leading to significant hair loss.