Differential Diagnosis for a 2-year-old with 10 days of Fever and Cough
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Viral upper respiratory infection: This is the most likely diagnosis given the common presentation of viral infections in this age group, characterized by fever and cough, and the absence of specific findings that would suggest a more severe condition.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Bronchiolitis: The clinical presentation of fever, cough, and peribronchial wall thickening aligns with bronchiolitis, especially in a 2-year-old.
- Pneumonia: Although there's no discrete consolidation, pneumonia can present with prominent lung markings and peribronchial thickening, along with fever and cough.
- Asthma exacerbation: While less likely due to the absence of wheezing, it's still a consideration given the increased lung markings and cough.
- Croup: Although typical symptoms like a barking cough and stridor are not mentioned, croup remains a possibility due to the presence of fever and cough.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Bacterial pneumonia: It's crucial to rule out bacterial pneumonia due to its potential severity. Investigations like a full blood examination, blood cultures, and acute phase reactants can help in diagnosis.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Other less common infections (viral or bacterial) that could present with similar symptoms but are less likely in this scenario without additional specific findings.
- Immunodeficiency-related conditions: These could predispose to more severe or unusual infections, but would be rare and require additional clues for consideration.
- Congenital heart disease or other cardiac abnormalities: These could potentially lead to recurrent or severe respiratory infections, but are less likely without other specific symptoms or findings.