What are the effects of marijuana use on pregnancy?

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Last updated: July 8, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Marijuana use during pregnancy is strongly advised against due to its potential risks to both the mother and the developing fetus, as evidenced by the most recent and highest quality study available 1. The main psychoactive compound in marijuana, THC, can cross the placenta and may affect fetal development. Research suggests that marijuana use during pregnancy is associated with lower birth weight, increased risk of preterm birth, and potential developmental issues for the child, including possible cognitive impairments, attention problems, and behavioral issues that may become apparent as the child grows. Some key points to consider include:

  • The potential for marijuana use to cause fetal growth restriction and adverse neurodevelopmental consequences 2
  • The association between prenatal cannabis exposure and increased risks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), psychosis proneness, and other neuropsychiatric adverse outcomes in offspring 1
  • The potential for marijuana use to negatively impact the functioning of the placenta and the growth of the fetus, contributing to the development of placental insufficiency and restricted growth in the womb 3
  • The importance of adopting a comprehensive and coordinated strategy to address the problem of cannabis use during pregnancy, including public health policy, education, and research initiatives 3 For pregnant women experiencing nausea, anxiety, or pain, safer FDA-approved medications should be discussed with healthcare providers instead of using marijuana. Even medical marijuana, despite being legal in many places, is not considered safe during pregnancy. The effects may vary depending on frequency of use, potency, and method of consumption, but abstaining completely from marijuana use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is the safest approach to protect fetal development and infant health 4, 5.

References

Research

Marijuana Use in Pregnancy: A Review.

Obstetrical & gynecological survey, 2019

Research

Cannabis Use during Pregnancy: An Update.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2024

Research

Marijuana Use in Pregnancy and While Breastfeeding.

Obstetrics and gynecology, 2018

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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