What is the LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure) procedure?

LEEP Procedure: Patient Information

The Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) is an effective outpatient treatment that removes abnormal cervical tissue using a thin wire loop with electrical current, allowing for both diagnosis and treatment of cervical abnormalities in a single visit.

What is a LEEP?

LEEP is a procedure used to:

• Remove abnormal cervical tissue (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or CIN)
• Provide tissue samples for definitive diagnosis
• Treat precancerous conditions of the cervix

How the Procedure Works

1. Preparation:

   • You'll be positioned on an exam table similar to a Pap test
   • A speculum will be inserted to visualize the cervix
   • Local anesthesia is applied to the cervix (minimal discomfort)

2. The Procedure:

   • A thin wire loop electrode removes the abnormal tissue
   • The procedure typically takes 5-10 minutes
   • The removed tissue is sent for laboratory examination

3. Post-Procedure:

   • Most patients can return to normal activities the same day
   • You may experience mild cramping or spotting

Benefits of LEEP

• Quick and effective: Performed as an outpatient procedure 1
• Minimal discomfort: Local anesthesia makes the procedure virtually painless 1
• Diagnostic and therapeutic: Provides tissue for examination while treating the abnormality 2
• High success rate: Studies show approximately 89% success rate with a single treatment 3
• Economical: More cost-effective than laser treatment 3

Potential Complications

• Bleeding: Some spotting is normal; heavy bleeding is rare
• Infection: Uncommon but possible
• Cervical stenosis: Rare narrowing of the cervical opening
• Impact on fertility: Research suggests no significant impact on future fertility 4

When LEEP is Recommended

LEEP is typically recommended when:

• Abnormal cells are detected on Pap tests
• Colposcopy and biopsy confirm moderate to severe cervical abnormalities (CIN II or III) 2
• A satisfactory colposcopy examination cannot be performed 2
• Previous treatments have been unsuccessful

Follow-Up Care

• Avoid sexual intercourse, tampons, and douching for 2-4 weeks
• Return for follow-up testing as recommended by your doctor
• Follow-up typically includes:
  • Cervical cytology at 6 months or HPV DNA testing at 12 months 2
  • Additional colposcopy if needed

Special Considerations

• Pregnancy: LEEP is not performed during pregnancy unless invasive cancer is suspected 2
• Future pregnancies: While generally safe for future fertility, discuss any concerns with your doctor 4
• Alternatives: In some cases, other treatments like cryotherapy or cold knife conization may be recommended instead 2

What to Expect During Recovery

• Watery, blood-tinged discharge for 1-2 weeks
• Mild cramping for 24-48 hours
• A dark brown discharge when the healing tissue sloughs off
• Complete healing typically occurs within 4-6 weeks

Remember that LEEP is a well-established procedure with high success rates and minimal complications. Your healthcare provider will discuss whether this is the most appropriate treatment option for your specific situation.