Differential Diagnosis for Short Arm Cast and Finger Swelling
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Compartment syndrome: This is the most likely diagnosis due to the presence of a short arm cast, which can cause increased pressure within the compartments of the arm, leading to swelling and potentially serious complications if not addressed promptly.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Cast complications (e.g., cast being too tight): A cast that is too tight can impede blood flow and cause swelling in the fingers.
- Infection: Infections can occur under a cast and cause swelling, redness, and warmth.
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Although less common in the arm, DVT can cause swelling and should be considered, especially if there are other risk factors present.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Neurovascular compromise: Any condition that compromises the nerves or blood vessels of the arm can lead to serious and potentially permanent damage if not promptly addressed.
- Infection (e.g., osteomyelitis, septic arthritis): Infections in the bone or joint can be severe and require immediate attention.
- Pulmonary embolism (if DVT is present): If a DVT is diagnosed, there is a risk of the clot breaking loose and traveling to the lungs, which is a medical emergency.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS): A rare condition characterized by chronic pain, swelling, and changes in skin temperature and color, which can occur after an injury or cast application.
- Erythromelalgia: A rare disorder that causes burning pain, heat, and redness in the hands and feet, which could potentially cause finger swelling.
- Sickle cell crisis: In patients with sickle cell disease, a crisis can cause swelling and pain in the affected limb, although this would be less common in the context of a short arm cast.