Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): This condition is characterized by brief, episodic vertigo triggered by specific head movements. It's a common cause of dizziness and has a relatively straightforward diagnosis and treatment, making it a likely first consideration.

Vestibular Migraine: A condition that involves vertigo as a primary symptom, often accompanied by headache, sensitivity to light and sound, and sometimes, visual auras. Its prevalence and the fact that many people experience migraines make it a plausible diagnosis.
Labyrinthitis: An inner ear disorder characterized by inflammation of the part of the inner ear responsible for balance (labyrinth). Symptoms can include dizziness, hearing loss, and ear pain, making it a common differential for dizziness.
Medication Side Effects: Various medications can cause dizziness as a side effect, including antihistamines, antidepressants, and blood pressure medications. Given the wide use of these medications, this is a common cause of dizziness.

Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Although less common than other causes of dizziness, stroke or TIA can present with vertigo and is critical to diagnose promptly due to the potential for severe and permanent neurological damage.
Meniere's Disease: A disorder of the inner ear that affects balance and hearing. While not as common as other causes, its potential to cause significant disability and its specific treatment options make it important not to miss.
Cardiac Causes (e.g., Arrhythmias, Cardiac Valve Problems): Conditions like atrial fibrillation can lead to dizziness due to reduced cardiac output. These are critical to identify due to their potential for serious complications.

Multiple Sclerosis: An autoimmune disease that can affect the brain and spinal cord, leading to a wide range of symptoms, including dizziness. It's less common but should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in younger patients with other neurological symptoms.
Acoustic Neuroma: A non-cancerous tumor on the nerve connecting the inner ear to the brain, which can cause dizziness, among other symptoms. It's rare but important to diagnose due to its potential impact on hearing and balance.
Mal de Debarquement Syndrome: A rare condition characterized by a persistent feeling of swaying or imbalance after being on a boat or ship. It's an uncommon cause of dizziness but should be considered in individuals with a history of recent travel by sea.