What class of antibiotic is tobramycin?

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Last updated: July 12, 2025View editorial policy

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Tobramycin Classification

Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, particularly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.

Mechanism of Action

Tobramycin works by:

  • Inhibiting protein synthesis in bacterial cells by binding to bacterial ribosomes
  • Demonstrating bactericidal (killing) rather than bacteriostatic activity
  • Acting synergistically with certain beta-lactam antibiotics (like penicillins) against specific organisms 1

Antimicrobial Spectrum

Tobramycin is active against:

Gram-negative bacteria (primary targets)

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa (with greater activity than gentamicin)
  • Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, etc.)
  • Citrobacter species
  • Enterobacter species
  • Morganella morganii
  • Providencia species
  • Serratia species 1

Gram-positive bacteria (limited activity)

  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Low activity against streptococci and enterococci 1

Clinical Considerations

Tobramycin has several important clinical properties:

  • Penetrates poorly into pancreatic tissue, making it suboptimal for pancreatic infections 2
  • Often used in combination with beta-lactams for synergistic effects, particularly in cystic fibrosis patients with Pseudomonas infections 2
  • Can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or via inhalation (particularly in cystic fibrosis) 2
  • Requires therapeutic drug monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic window 2

Toxicity Profile

As with other aminoglycosides, tobramycin has potential toxicities:

  • Nephrotoxicity (though possibly less than gentamicin) 3
  • Ototoxicity affecting the vestibular-auditory system
  • Neuromuscular blockade (rare)

Dosing Considerations

Dosing must be adjusted based on:

  • Renal function (eliminated primarily by glomerular filtration)
  • Weight/body surface area
  • Monitoring of serum drug levels (peak and trough)
  • Once-daily dosing may be as effective as multiple daily dosing with potentially reduced toxicity 2

Tobramycin's classification as an aminoglycoside determines its clinical applications, toxicity profile, and monitoring requirements, making this an essential consideration when selecting antimicrobial therapy.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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