Differential Diagnosis for a 33-year-old patient with a constant sensation of needing to urinate

• Single most likely diagnosis
  • Overactive Bladder (OAB): This condition is characterized by a sudden, intense urge to urinate, often with frequency and nocturia. The sudden onset and constant sensation of needing to urinate make OAB a likely diagnosis.
• Other Likely diagnoses
  • Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): A UTI can cause a frequent and urgent need to urinate, and the sudden onset could be consistent with an acute infection.
  • Interstitial Cystitis: This condition causes chronic pain and pressure in the bladder, often accompanied by a frequent and urgent need to urinate.
  • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Although less common in a 33-year-old, BPH can cause urinary frequency, urgency, and hesitancy.
• Do Not Miss diagnoses
  • Bladder Cancer: Although rare, bladder cancer can cause urinary frequency, urgency, and hematuria. It is essential to rule out this diagnosis, especially if other symptoms like hematuria are present.
  • Neurogenic Bladder: Conditions like multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, or stroke can cause neurogenic bladder, leading to urinary retention, frequency, or incontinence.
  • Diabetes Insipidus: This condition can cause excessive thirst and urination, and the sudden onset could be consistent with the development of diabetes insipidus.
• Rare diagnoses
  • Bladder Endometriosis: Endometriosis can cause bladder symptoms like frequency and urgency, especially during menstruation.
  • Eosinophilic Cystitis: A rare condition characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the bladder wall, causing symptoms like frequency, urgency, and hematuria.
  • Tuberculosis of the Urinary Tract: A rare condition that can cause chronic urinary symptoms like frequency, urgency, and hematuria.