What are the symptoms of dental disease in pets?

Symptoms of Dental Disease in Pets

The most common symptoms of dental disease in pets include bad breath, gingival inflammation, dental calculus formation, tooth mobility, and difficulty eating, which can significantly impact their overall health and quality of life. 1

Common Clinical Signs of Dental Disease

Oral Symptoms

• Bad breath (halitosis) - Often the first sign owners notice 2
• Gingival inflammation (gingivitis) - Redness, swelling of gum tissue 2
• Dental calculus (tartar) formation - Visible mineral deposits on teeth 2
• Periodontal disease - The most common disease affecting adult dogs and cats 3
• Gingival bleeding - Especially when eating or during tooth brushing 2
• Gingival enlargement - Swelling of the gums 2
• Tooth mobility - Loosening of teeth due to periodontal destruction 2
• Dental abscesses - Infection that can lead to swelling and pain 2
• Exposed pulp chambers - Can be visible on dental radiographs 2

Behavioral Signs

• Difficulty eating - Dropping food, chewing on one side 2
• Reduced appetite - Due to oral pain 2
• Pawing at the mouth - Indication of oral discomfort 2
• Excessive drooling - Can indicate oral pain or infection 2

Progression of Dental Disease

Dental disease in pets typically follows this progression:

1. Plaque formation - Bacterial film forms on teeth
2. Gingivitis - Inflammation of the gums due to plaque
3. Calculus formation - Mineralization of plaque
4. Periodontitis - Destruction of supporting structures of teeth 1

The prevalence of dental disease increases significantly with age, affecting 82% of dogs aged 6-8 years and 96% of dogs aged 12-14 years 4.

Risk Factors and Special Considerations

• Age - Older pets have higher incidence of dental disease 4
• Breed - Small breed dogs often more susceptible
• Diet - Soft diets may contribute to plaque accumulation 1
• Lack of dental care - Infrequent brushing increases risk 1
• Systemic conditions - Some diseases may worsen oral health 2

Complications of Untreated Dental Disease

Untreated dental disease can lead to:

• Tooth loss - Due to destruction of supporting structures 2
• Orofacial pain - Causing discomfort and reduced quality of life 2
• Systemic infections - Oral bacteria can spread to other organs 1
• Maxillofacial cellulitis - Spread of infection to surrounding tissues 2

Diagnostic Indicators

Veterinarians look for:

• Enlarged pulp chambers on dental radiographs 2
• Periapical bone loss visible on radiographs 2
• Color changes in teeth that may indicate pulp necrosis 2
• Presence of fistulas or swelling indicating infection 2

Prevention Strategies

Effective prevention includes:

• Regular tooth brushing - The single most effective method 1
• Professional dental cleanings - Performed by veterinarians 3
• Appropriate diet - Texture can help reduce plaque 5, 1
• Dental chews - Can serve as adjunctive measures 1
• Regular veterinary dental examinations - Recommended every 6 months 2

Early recognition of these symptoms and prompt veterinary care are essential for maintaining pets' oral health and preventing more serious complications that can affect their overall health and quality of life.