From the Guidelines
Tendon ruptures, also known as tendon tears, are caused by acute injury, repetitive strain, or degenerative changes, and their symptoms include pain, swelling, and limited mobility, requiring prompt medical attention to prevent chronic pain, weakness, and functional limitations. The causes of tendon ruptures can be attributed to various factors, including:
- Acute injury, such as a sudden trauma or fall
- Repetitive strain, such as overuse or repetitive motion
- Degenerative changes, such as wear and tear over time The symptoms of tendon ruptures may vary depending on the location and severity of the tear, but common symptoms include:
- Pain, especially when moving the affected joint or tendon
- Swelling, bruising, or redness around the affected area
- Limited mobility or stiffness in the affected joint
- A snapping or popping sound when the tendon ruptures
According to the study by 1, imaging studies such as ultrasonography and MRI can be useful in detecting tendon tears and degenerative changes. The study also highlights the importance of rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) in the initial treatment of tendon tears, as well as the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain management. Additionally, the study by 1 provides guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture, emphasizing the importance of prompt medical attention and proper treatment to prevent chronic complications.
In terms of treatment, the RICE protocol, along with over-the-counter pain medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, is recommended initially for minor tears, while severe tears may require surgical repair, especially for complete ruptures or tears in tendons critical for function. Physical therapy is often prescribed to restore strength and function, typically involving specific exercises performed 3-5 times weekly for 6-12 weeks. Recovery from tendon surgery can take 3-6 months with dedicated rehabilitation. It is essential to seek medical evaluation immediately if a tendon tear is suspected, as treatment depends on the severity and location of the tear.
From the Research
Causes of Tendon Ruptures
- Tendon ruptures, also known as tendon tears, can be caused by a variety of factors, including chronic overloading and unloading of the tendon, as well as acute injuries 2
- Chronic tendon injuries can result from ongoing inflammation, which can lead to ineffective treatment and management of the injury 3
- Corticosteroid injections can also contribute to tendon ruptures, as seen in a case report of a patient with a full thickness tear of the common extensor tendon after receiving a corticosteroid injection 4
Symptoms of Tendon Ruptures
- Symptoms of tendon ruptures can include pain, limited mobility, and decreased function of the affected area 5, 6
- Chronic tendon injuries can present with persistent pain and limited function, despite conservative management 3, 2
- Tendon ruptures can also be asymptomatic, with some patients only experiencing symptoms after a certain activity or movement 6
Treatment Options for Tendon Ruptures
- Eccentric exercises have been shown to be effective in managing chronic tendon injuries, with excellent clinical results and no reported adverse effects 3, 2
- Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections have also been shown to be effective in treating tendon ruptures, with significant improvements in pain and function 5, 6
- Other treatment options, such as prolotherapy, topical nitroglycerin, and low-level laser therapy, have less evidence of effectiveness but may be considered as second-line alternatives to surgery 3