Differential Diagnosis for Foot Pain after Fall
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Ankle Sprain: This is the most common injury after a fall, especially if the foot is twisted or rolled. The ligaments surrounding the ankle joint can be stretched or torn, leading to pain, swelling, and difficulty walking.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Fracture (e.g., ankle, toe, or metatarsal): A fall can result in a fracture of one or more bones in the foot. Symptoms include severe pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty bearing weight.
- Contusion or Bruise: A direct blow to the foot can cause a contusion or bruise, leading to pain, swelling, and discoloration.
- Ligament Sprain (other than ankle): Sprains to the ligaments supporting the arch or other parts of the foot can occur, especially if the foot is twisted or bent in an unusual way.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Compartment Syndrome: Although less common, compartment syndrome is a serious condition that can occur after a severe injury, including a fall. It involves increased pressure within the muscle compartments of the foot, leading to pain, numbness, and tingling. If missed, it can result in permanent damage.
- Open Fracture or Wound: Any open wound or fracture requires immediate attention to prevent infection and promote healing.
- Neurovascular Injury: Damage to nerves or blood vessels in the foot can occur after a fall, leading to numbness, tingling, or circulatory problems.
Rare Diagnoses
- Lisfranc Injury: A rare injury to the joints or ligaments in the middle of the foot, often caused by a severe twisting force.
- Stress Fracture: A small crack in one of the foot bones, usually caused by repetitive stress rather than a single fall, but can be exacerbated by a fall.
- Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it travels through the tarsal tunnel on the inner side of the ankle, which can cause pain, numbness, and tingling.