Differential Diagnosis for Cat Bite
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Cellulitis: This is the most common infection resulting from a cat bite, caused by bacteria such as Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus. The bite introduces these bacteria into the wound, leading to infection.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Abscess: An abscess can form as a result of a cat bite, especially if the wound is deep or if the bacteria introduced are virulent. This is a localized collection of pus that can be painful and may require drainage.
- Pasteurella multocida infection: This bacterium is commonly found in the mouths of cats and can cause a range of infections from mild to severe, including cellulitis, abscesses, and more systemic infections.
- Tetanus: Although less common, tetanus is a potential complication of any bite wound, including those from cats, especially if the victim's tetanus vaccination is not up to date.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Rabies: While rare in many parts of the world, rabies is a deadly viral infection that can be transmitted through the bite of an infected animal, including cats. It is crucial to assess the risk of rabies exposure and consider post-exposure prophylaxis if necessary.
- Cat-scratch disease (Bartonellosis): Caused by Bartonella henselae, this disease can result from a cat scratch or bite and can lead to lymphadenopathy, fever, and other systemic symptoms.
- Osteomyelitis or septic arthritis: In rare cases, a cat bite can lead to more serious infections such as osteomyelitis (infection of the bone) or septic arthritis (infection of a joint), especially if the bite is deep or if the bacteria penetrate to these areas.
Rare Diagnoses
- Actinomycosis: A rare bacterial infection that can result from a cat bite, characterized by the formation of abscesses and sinus tracts.
- Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection: More commonly associated with dog bites, this bacterium can also be found in cats and can cause severe infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
- Eikenella corrodens infection: This bacterium can be part of the oral flora of cats and can cause infections, including endocarditis, especially in individuals with certain underlying health conditions.