Differential Diagnosis for Frontoparietal Subcortical Calcifications, Corpus Striata Calcifications, and Seizures

• Single Most Likely Diagnosis
  • Fahr's Disease: A rare, inherited disorder characterized by abnormal calcification of the brain, particularly in the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. The presence of frontoparietal subcortical calcifications, corpus striata calcifications, and seizures aligns with the clinical and radiological features of Fahr's disease.
• Other Likely Diagnoses
  • Cysticercosis: A parasitic infection caused by the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium) that can lead to calcifications in the brain, including the subcortical regions and basal ganglia, and is a common cause of seizures in endemic areas.
  • Toxoplasmosis: Especially in immunocompromised patients, toxoplasmosis can cause calcifications in the brain, including the basal ganglia, and may present with seizures among other neurological symptoms.
• Do Not Miss Diagnoses
  • Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC): A genetic disorder that can cause calcifications in the brain, including subependymal nodules and cortical tubers, and is associated with seizures. Missing this diagnosis could lead to delayed treatment of associated complications.
  • Primary Brain Tumors: Certain brain tumors, such as oligodendrogliomas, can present with calcifications and seizures. Early diagnosis is crucial for treatment and prognosis.
• Rare Diagnoses
  • Cockayne Syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by an abnormal sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light, with some forms presenting with intracranial calcifications and seizures.
  • Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome: A rare genetic disorder that can cause intracranial calcifications, particularly in the basal ganglia, and may present with seizures among other systemic and neurological manifestations.