Differential Diagnosis for Unexplained Hypothermia
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Hypothyroidism: This condition can lead to a decrease in the body's metabolic rate, resulting in unexplained hypothermia. It is a common endocrine disorder that can cause hypothermia, especially in the elderly or those with severe hypothyroidism.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Sepsis: Although sepsis is often associated with fever, it can also cause hypothermia, particularly in the elderly or those with severe sepsis. The body's response to infection can lead to a drop in body temperature.
- Adrenal insufficiency: This condition, also known as Addison's disease, can cause hypothermia due to the lack of cortisol and aldosterone production. These hormones play a crucial role in regulating body temperature.
- Stroke or brain injury: Certain types of stroke or brain injury can affect the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that regulates body temperature, leading to hypothermia.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Environmental exposure: Accidental hypothermia due to environmental exposure, such as being left outside in cold weather or falling into cold water, is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate attention.
- Medication-induced hypothermia: Certain medications, such as sedatives, anesthetics, or beta-blockers, can cause hypothermia as a side effect. Identifying and managing these medications is crucial to prevent further temperature drops.
- Myxedema coma: This is a life-threatening complication of hypothyroidism that can cause hypothermia, among other symptoms. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential to prevent mortality.
- Rare diagnoses
- Wernicke's encephalopathy: This is a rare condition caused by thiamine deficiency, often seen in alcoholics or malnourished individuals. It can lead to hypothermia, among other neurological symptoms.
- Shapiro syndrome: This is a rare condition characterized by recurrent episodes of hypothermia, hyperhidrosis, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. It is often diagnosed in childhood.
- Dysautonomia: Certain types of dysautonomia, such as familial dysautonomia, can cause hypothermia due to autonomic nervous system dysfunction.