Differential Diagnosis for Pain on Posterior Elbow above Olecranon
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Olecranon Bursitis: This condition is characterized by inflammation of the bursa that cushions the olecranon (the bony prominence at the elbow). It often presents with pain and swelling at the posterior elbow, directly above the olecranon, making it a prime candidate for the described symptom.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Triceps Tendinopathy: Inflammation or degeneration of the triceps tendon can cause pain at the posterior elbow, especially above the olecranon where the tendon attaches. This condition is common in individuals who frequently extend their elbow against resistance.
- Elbow Strain: Overuse or direct injury to the muscles and ligaments around the elbow can lead to strain, resulting in pain in the affected area, including the posterior aspect above the olecranon.
- Radial Head Fracture: Although more commonly associated with lateral elbow pain, a fracture of the radial head can sometimes refer pain to the posterior aspect of the elbow, especially if there is associated soft tissue injury.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Septic Arthritis: Although less common, septic arthritis of the elbow joint can present with pain, swelling, and decreased range of motion. It is a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term joint damage.
- Osteomyelitis: Infection of the bone, such as the olecranon or the distal humerus, can cause localized pain, redness, and swelling. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent serious complications.
- Cauda Equina Syndrome: This is a rare but serious condition where the nerves in the spinal canal are compressed, potentially leading to severe neurological deficits. While it typically presents with lower back pain, radiation of pain to unusual areas, including the elbow, can occur in some cases.
Rare Diagnoses
- Gout or Pseudogout: These conditions, characterized by deposition of urate or calcium pyrophosphate crystals within joints, respectively, can cause acute, severe joint pain and inflammation. While they more commonly affect the lower extremities, they can occasionally involve the elbow.
- Elbow Hemarthrosis: Bleeding into the elbow joint, which could be due to trauma, coagulopathy, or other conditions, can cause pain, swelling, and limited mobility. It might be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially if there's a history of trauma or bleeding disorder.
- Tumors: Both benign and malignant tumors can occur around the elbow, causing localized pain and swelling. Examples include osteochondromas, giant cell tumors, and metastatic lesions.