From the Guidelines
Asperger syndrome is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social interaction and communication, alongside restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, now classified under autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in modern diagnostic systems. It typically involves difficulties with social interaction and communication, alongside restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, but without significant delays in language or cognitive development 1. People with Asperger's often have average to above-average intelligence and may develop intense interests in specific topics. The primary approaches for managing Asperger's include:
- Behavioral therapy
- Social skills training
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Occupational therapy These interventions help individuals develop coping strategies, improve social interactions, and manage sensory sensitivities 1.
There is no medication specifically for Asperger's itself, though some symptoms like anxiety or attention difficulties may be treated with medications such as SSRIs (like fluoxetine) or stimulants (like methylphenidate) when appropriate. Early intervention is beneficial, though many people are diagnosed as teens or adults 1. Asperger's represents neurological differences rather than a disease requiring cure, and many individuals with this condition lead fulfilling lives while contributing unique perspectives and talents to society. Future research should examine biological and behavioral heterogeneity as moderators of individual responses to interventions, to identify subtypes of individuals with ASD and understand the cause of their disorder as well as the associated neurobiological mechanisms at work in each case 1.
From the Research
Definition and Characteristics of Asperger's Syndrome
- Asperger's syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is part of the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) family 2
- Individuals with Asperger's syndrome have difficulties in social interactions, verbal and non-verbal communication, and may display behavioral oddities, with stereotypies and limited interests 2
- They show no language delay and their cognitive development is not marked by an overall delay but by specific impairments in certain areas such as the executive functions 2
- Asperger's syndrome is associated with abnormal social functioning and repetitive behaviors but not with a decrease in intelligence or linguistic functionality 3
Comorbidities and Mental Health
- Individuals with Asperger's syndrome are at increased risk for mental health problems compared with the general population, especially with regard to mood and anxiety disorders 4
- Asperger's syndrome may be present with several comorbid disorders including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and Tourette's syndrome 3
- The difficulty in distinguishing Asperger's syndrome from autism results in treating the comorbid disorder symptoms, rather than treating the symptoms of Asperger's syndrome 3
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Asperger's syndrome is often diagnosed belatedly, at 11 years of age on average and even in adulthood in some cases 2
- Late diagnosis has a significant impact on the risks of depression and a poor quality of life 2
- Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) group approach may be beneficial for adults with Asperger's syndrome and anxiety or mood disorder 4
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be prescribed for the treatment of conditions comorbid with Asperger's syndrome, but there is limited evidence of their effectiveness 5