Musculoskeletal Strain: This is the most common cause of neck and back pain, often resulting from overuse, poor posture, or acute injury. The pain is typically localized to the area of strain and may be accompanied by stiffness and limited range of motion.

Herniated Disc: A condition where the soft inner gel of the disc leaks out through a tear in the outer layer, putting pressure on nearby nerves and causing pain. Symptoms can include radiating pain, numbness, and weakness in the arms or legs.
Degenerative Disc Disease: A condition where the spinal discs lose their cushioning ability, leading to pain and stiffness in the neck and back. It's a common condition that develops over time due to wear and tear.
Osteoarthritis: A type of arthritis that affects the joints, including those in the spine, leading to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility. It's more common in older adults.
Fibromyalgia: A chronic condition characterized by widespread muscle pain, fatigue, and tender points. While the cause is unknown, it can be triggered by various factors, including physical trauma.

Spinal Cord Compression: A serious condition where the spinal cord is compressed, potentially leading to paralysis, loss of sensation, and loss of bladder and bowel control. It requires immediate medical attention.
Cauda Equina Syndrome: A condition where the nerves in the lower spine are compressed, leading to severe pain, numbness, and weakness in the legs, as well as bladder and bowel dysfunction. It's a medical emergency.
Infection (e.g., Osteomyelitis, Discitis): Infections of the bone or disc can cause severe pain, fever, and other systemic symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent serious complications.
Cancer (e.g., Metastatic Disease): Although less common, cancer can cause neck and back pain, especially if it has metastasized to the spine. A thorough evaluation is necessary to rule out this possibility.

Ankylosing Spondylitis: A type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine, leading to chronic pain and stiffness. It can cause the vertebrae to fuse together, resulting in a rigid spine.
Spinal Stenosis: A condition where the spinal canal narrows, putting pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. It can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the legs.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A group of genetic disorders that affect the body's connective tissue, leading to hypermobile joints and potentially causing chronic pain and musculoskeletal issues.
Scheuermann's Disease: A rare condition that affects the spine, causing curvature and potentially leading to chronic back pain. It's more common in adolescents.