From the Guidelines
3-Hydroxy-3-Methylbutyrate, also known as HMB, has a medical purpose as a dietary supplement to support muscle mass and strength, particularly in cancer patients and older adults with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition. The use of HMB as a medical intervention is supported by studies that demonstrate its potential to minimize protein breakdown and promote protein synthesis, particularly when combined with other nutrients such as arginine and glutamine 1. In the context of cancer care, HMB has been investigated as a means to counteract muscle loss and improve nutritional status, with some studies suggesting benefits in terms of increased lean body mass and improved quality of life 1. Additionally, a recent large multicenter RCT found that a high-protein ONS containing beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) significantly reduced 90-day mortality in malnourished older hospitalized patients 1. Key points to consider when using HMB as a medical intervention include:
- The optimal dosage and duration of HMB supplementation are not well established, but typical doses range from 1-3 grams per day 1.
- HMB may be more effective when combined with other nutrients, such as arginine and glutamine, and as part of a comprehensive nutritional support plan 1.
- Regular monitoring of nutritional status, appetite, and clinical situation is crucial to assess the effects and expected benefits of HMB supplementation 1.
- Compliance with HMB supplementation is generally good, but may be enhanced by offering products that are adapted to the patient's wishes and needs, and by regularly assessing and addressing any issues with consumption 1.
From the Research
Medical Purpose of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylbutyrate
There is no direct evidence in the provided studies to suggest that 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylbutyrate has any medical purpose. The studies primarily focus on the effects of metformin on various diseases, including diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and depression 2, 3, 4, 5.
Related Compounds and Their Medical Purposes
- 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, which are related to 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylbutyrate, have been studied for their efficacy and safety in patients with chronic kidney disease, dialysis, and transplant patients 6.
- Metformin, an FDA-approved antidiabetic drug, has been shown to have potential therapeutic benefits in a range of disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke 2, 3, 4, 5.
Key Findings on Metformin
- Metformin has been found to have a neuroprotective role in reversing hallmarks of brain injury, including metabolic dysfunction, neuronal dystrophy, and cellular loss 2.
- Metformin may play a role in protecting the neurovascular unit (NVU) in the central nervous system, which is affected in many diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, ischemic stroke, and Alzheimer's disease 3, 4.
- Metformin has been shown to improve mitochondrial function and reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetic mice brain 5.