Differential Diagnosis for Recurrent Croup Suggesting Subglottic Stenosis
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Subglottic stenosis: This is the most likely diagnosis because recurrent croup can be a symptom of subglottic stenosis, which is a narrowing of the airway below the vocal cords. This condition can cause repeated episodes of croup-like symptoms due to the partial obstruction of the airway.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Laryngomalacia: This condition, characterized by softening of the tissues of the larynx, can cause partial airway obstruction and symptoms similar to croup. It's a common cause of stridor and respiratory distress in infants.
- Tracheomalacia: Similar to laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia involves softening of the tracheal walls, which can lead to airway collapse and symptoms that might mimic recurrent croup.
- Foreign body aspiration: Although more commonly associated with acute symptoms, repeated aspirations or the presence of a foreign body in the airway can cause recurrent episodes of respiratory distress that might be mistaken for croup.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Epiglottitis: Although less common due to vaccination, epiglottitis is a life-threatening condition that can present with severe respiratory distress and stridor. It requires immediate medical attention.
- Retropharyngeal abscess: This condition involves a collection of pus in the tissues at the back of the throat, which can cause airway obstruction and symptoms similar to croup. It's a medical emergency.
- Angioedema: This condition involves rapid swelling of the skin and mucous membranes, which can lead to airway obstruction. It can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.
Rare Diagnoses
- Subglottic hemangioma: A benign tumor that can grow in the subglottic area and cause airway obstruction, leading to symptoms similar to recurrent croup.
- Subglottic cysts: These are rare congenital anomalies that can cause airway obstruction and recurrent respiratory symptoms.
- Laryngeal webs or stenosis due to other causes (e.g., trauma, caustic ingestion): These conditions can also lead to symptoms of recurrent croup but are less common.