Constipation: This is the most common cause of fecal soiling in children, often due to painful defecation leading to withholding of stool, resulting in overflow incontinence. The child's age and the nature of the complaint make constipation a highly probable cause.

Encopresis: A condition characterized by the intentional or involuntary passage of stool in inappropriate places, often associated with constipation but can also be a standalone issue due to psychological factors.
Gastrointestinal Infections: Certain infections can cause loose stools or increased frequency of bowel movements, leading to accidents.
Dietary Factors: A diet low in fiber and high in processed foods can contribute to constipation or loose stools, depending on the child's sensitivity and digestive health.

Hirschsprung's Disease: A congenital condition affecting the colon, leading to severe constipation or intestinal obstruction. Although typically diagnosed in infancy, some cases might not be identified until later in childhood.
Spinal Cord Anomalies or Injuries: Conditions affecting the spinal cord, such as spina bifida, can lead to neurogenic bowel, causing fecal incontinence.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis can cause chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, and potentially fecal soiling.
Diabetes Mellitus: Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to neuropathy affecting bowel movements, and high blood sugar levels can cause increased urine production and potentially lead to accidents.

Celiac Disease: An autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine, potentially causing chronic diarrhea or constipation.
Thyroid Disorders: Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can affect bowel movements, though this would be less common in the context of fecal soiling.
Neurological Disorders: Certain conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy can affect bowel control due to neurological impairment.