Differential Diagnosis for Ankle Popping with Movement
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Subtalar joint instability or dysfunction: This is often the most common cause of ankle popping, where the subtalar joint, which is responsible for inversion and eversion of the foot, becomes unstable or dysfunctional, leading to the popping sound with movement.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Peroneal tendon subluxation: The peroneal tendons, which run along the outside of the ankle, can sublux (partially dislocate) and cause a popping sound as they move in and out of place.
- Ankle synovitis: Inflammation of the synovial lining of the ankle joint can cause fluid accumulation and lead to popping or snapping sounds with movement.
- Tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction: The tibialis posterior tendon plays a crucial role in supporting the arch of the foot. Dysfunction of this tendon can lead to popping sounds as the tendon moves abnormally.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Osteochondral lesion of the talus: A condition where a piece of cartilage and bone in the talus (ankle bone) becomes damaged, which can cause popping or locking sensations in the ankle. Missing this diagnosis could lead to further damage and potentially require surgical intervention.
- Ankle fracture: Although less common, an ankle fracture could present with a popping sound at the time of injury, followed by pain and swelling. Missing this diagnosis could lead to improper healing and long-term disability.
Rare Diagnoses
- Intra-articular loose body: A rare condition where a piece of bone or cartilage breaks off and floats within the ankle joint, causing popping or locking sensations.
- Ankle ganglion cyst: A benign cyst that can form in the ankle joint, causing popping or snapping sounds as it moves with ankle movement.
- Tarsal coalition: An abnormal connection between two or more of the tarsal bones in the foot, which can cause limited mobility and popping sounds in the ankle.