Differential Diagnosis for Elbow Pain
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow): This is a common condition characterized by pain on the outer part of the elbow, often caused by repetitive strain on the forearm extensors. It's a frequent diagnosis in individuals who engage in activities that involve gripping and twisting motions.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Medial epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow): Similar to lateral epicondylitis but affects the inner part of the elbow, caused by strain on the forearm flexors. It's common in individuals who participate in sports that involve throwing or heavy lifting.
- Olecranon bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa at the back of the elbow, which can be caused by repetitive elbow movement, direct trauma, or infection. It presents as swelling and pain at the elbow.
- Elbow strain or sprain: Overstretching or tearing of the ligaments or muscles around the elbow, often due to sudden injury or overuse.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Fracture (e.g., radial head, olecranon, or distal humerus fracture): Although less common, fractures can occur due to trauma and must be identified promptly to ensure proper management and prevent long-term complications.
- Septic arthritis or osteomyelitis: Infections within the elbow joint or bone, which are medical emergencies requiring immediate antibiotic treatment and possibly surgical intervention.
- Cubital tunnel syndrome: Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, which can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand and forearm. If missed, it can lead to permanent nerve damage.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune conditions: Although elbow pain can be a symptom, these conditions are less common causes of isolated elbow pain and typically present with systemic symptoms and involvement of other joints.
- Tumors (e.g., osteochondroma, giant cell tumor): Benign or malignant growths around the elbow, which are rare but can cause persistent pain and should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially if the pain is atypical or unresponsive to standard treatments.
- Entrapment neuropathies (other than cubital tunnel syndrome): Less common nerve compressions around the elbow, such as radial tunnel syndrome, which can cause pain and neurological symptoms.