Differential Diagnosis for Hematuria in a 55-year-old Male with Body Aches, Fever, and Chills

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): Given the symptoms of fever, chills, and body aches along with hematuria, a UTI is a common and likely cause. The presence of infection in the urinary tract can lead to inflammation and irritation, causing blood to appear in the urine.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Kidney Stones: Kidney stones can cause severe pain, fever, chills, and hematuria. The stones can irritate the urinary tract and cause bleeding.
• Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland can cause symptoms similar to a UTI, including fever, chills, and body aches, along with hematuria.
• Pyelonephritis: An infection of the kidney can cause fever, chills, body aches, and hematuria, making it a likely diagnosis in this scenario.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Sepsis: Although less common, if the infection spreads to the bloodstream, it can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition. Early recognition and treatment are crucial.
• Malignancy: Certain types of cancer, such as bladder or kidney cancer, can cause hematuria. While less likely, missing a diagnosis of cancer could have severe consequences.

Rare Diagnoses

• Vasculitis: Conditions like IgA vasculitis or other forms of vasculitis can cause hematuria along with systemic symptoms like fever and body aches, though they are less common.
• Sickle Cell Disease: In patients with sickle cell disease, sickling crises can lead to hematuria, fever, and body aches, though this would be more typical in younger patients or those with a known history of the disease.
• Goodpasture Syndrome: A rare autoimmune disease that can cause hematuria, fever, and body aches due to inflammation in the kidneys and lungs.