Asthma: A common condition characterized by inflammation and constriction of the airways, often presenting with a dry cough, especially at night or after exertion. The chronic nature of asthma and its prevalence make it a leading consideration for a dry cough.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Stomach acid reflux can irritate the throat, leading to a dry cough. This condition is common and can be exacerbated by lying down or eating certain foods.
Postnasal Drip (Upper Airway Secretion Syndrome): Mucus from the nose can drip down the back of the throat, triggering a dry cough. This is a frequent cause of dry cough, especially in individuals with allergies or sinusitis.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): While more commonly associated with a productive cough, COPD can also present with a dry cough, especially in early stages or in patients with a significant smoking history.
Inhaled Allergens or Irritants: Exposure to allergens like dust, pollen, or irritants such as smoke can cause a dry cough.

Pulmonary Embolism: Although less common, a pulmonary embolism can present with a sudden onset of dry cough and is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.
Lung Cancer: A persistent dry cough can be an early symptom of lung cancer, making it crucial not to miss this diagnosis, especially in smokers or those with a significant smoking history.
Tuberculosis (TB): A chronic dry cough can be a symptom of TB, particularly in individuals who have been exposed to TB or have weakened immune systems.
Pneumonia: Certain types of pneumonia, especially those caused by atypical bacteria, can present with a dry cough.

Sarcoidosis: A condition characterized by the growth of granulomas in various parts of the body, including the lungs, which can cause a dry cough.
Eosinophilic Pneumonia: A rare condition where eosinophils accumulate in the lungs, leading to inflammation and potentially a dry cough.
Interstitial Lung Disease: A broad category of diseases that affect the interstitium of the lung, often presenting with a dry cough among other symptoms.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor-Induced Cough: Certain medications, notably ACE inhibitors used to treat hypertension and heart failure, can cause a dry cough as a side effect.