Treatment Options for Albinism
The primary treatment for albinism focuses on sun protection to prevent skin cancer, along with vision management, as there is currently no cure for the underlying genetic condition. 1
Skin Protection Strategies
Sun Protection (Critical)
- Stringent sun avoidance and protection methods are required 1
- Wide-brimmed hats
- Long-sleeved shirts and pants
- High-SPF sunscreen applied regularly
- Avoiding peak sun hours (10am-4pm)
Skin Cancer Prevention and Management
- Monthly self-examination of all skin surfaces 1
- Regular professional skin checks for early detection of skin cancer 2
- Aggressive treatment of precancers to prevent invasive tumors 1
- Rapid medical attention at onset of suspicious skin lesions 1
Medication Options
- Oral retinoids (acitretin, isotretinoin) may be effective in reducing precancers and skin cancers in high-risk patients 1
- Important caution: Side effects can be significant
- Effects disappear after stopping the medication
- Teratogenic - extreme caution in women of childbearing potential
Vision Management
Optical Correction
- Glasses (possibly bifocals) for reduced visual acuity 2
- Correction of refractive errors, which are common in albinism 3
Light Sensitivity Management
- Dark glasses or photochromic lenses for photophobia 2
- Tinted contact lenses may help with light sensitivity
Surgical Interventions
- Correction of strabismus when present 2
- Management of nystagmus in severe cases
Contraindications and Special Considerations
Phototherapy Contraindication
- Phototherapy is contraindicated in albinism 1
- Patients with albinism should not be exposed to therapeutic UV light
Refractive Surgery Considerations
- Abnormalities of the cornea and visually significant corneal stromal dystrophies are contraindications for refractive surgery 1
- Each case requires careful evaluation by specialists
Social and Educational Support
- Early registration and support programs for affected individuals 4
- Education for families that albino defects are confined to skin and eyes 4
- Assistance with indoor occupations to minimize sun exposure 4
Monitoring and Follow-up
- Regular ophthalmologic examinations to monitor vision changes
- Dermatologic follow-up every 3-6 months depending on skin condition
- Increased vigilance in equatorial regions where UV exposure is highest 5
Albinism presents significant challenges for affected individuals, particularly in regions with high sun exposure. While there is no cure for the genetic condition itself, proper management focusing on sun protection and vision care can significantly improve quality of life and prevent serious complications like skin cancer. The most critical aspect of treatment is rigorous sun protection combined with regular monitoring for precancerous and cancerous skin lesions.