Differential Diagnosis for Worms in Stool in a 5-Year-Old
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Enterobiasis (Pinworms): This is the most common intestinal worm infection in children, characterized by the presence of small, white, thread-like worms in the stool. The infection is highly contagious and often spreads through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Ascaris lumbricoides (Roundworms): A common intestinal parasite that can cause infections in children, especially in areas with poor sanitation. Infections can be asymptomatic or present with gastrointestinal symptoms.
- Trichuris trichiura (Whipworms): Another type of intestinal parasite that can infect children, often causing diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss.
- Hookworms: These parasites can infect children through skin contact with contaminated soil, leading to gastrointestinal symptoms and potential iron deficiency anemia.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Taenia saginata (Beef Tapeworm) or Taenia solium (Pork Tapeworm): While less common, these tapeworm infections can have serious consequences if not treated, including the potential for cysticercosis in the case of T. solium, which can lead to neurological problems.
- Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworms): This parasitic infection can lead to a hyperinfection syndrome in immunocompromised individuals, which can be life-threatening.
Rare Diagnoses
- Anisakis: A parasitic infection caused by the ingestion of undercooked or raw fish containing Anisakis larvae, which can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms.
- Capillaria philippinensis: A rare parasitic infection that can cause severe diarrhea, malabsorption, and weight loss, often requiring specific diagnostic tests for identification.
- Echinococcus granulosus (Hydatid Disease): A parasitic infection that can cause cysts in various organs, including the liver, lungs, and brain, although it is more commonly associated with extraintestinal manifestations.