From the FDA Drug Label
Ketamine dependence and tolerance are possible following prolonged administration. A withdrawal syndrome with psychotic features has been described following discontinuation of long-term ketamine use. Reports suggest that ketamine produces a variety of symptoms including, but not limited to anxiety, dysphoria, disorientation, insomnia, flashbacks, hallucinations, and psychotic episodes.
The symptoms of ketamine withdrawal include:
- Anxiety
- Dysphoria
- Disorientation
- Insomnia
- Flashbacks
- Hallucinations
- Psychotic episodes These symptoms can occur as part of a withdrawal syndrome with psychotic features following discontinuation of long-term ketamine use 1.
From the Research
Symptoms of Ketamine Withdrawal
The symptoms of ketamine withdrawal can be categorized into acute and long-term effects.
- Acute effects include:
- Long-term effects include:
Psychological Symptoms
Ketamine withdrawal can also lead to psychological symptoms such as:
- Depression: a high prevalence of depression has been observed in patients with ketamine dependence, particularly those with higher cravings 4
- Anxiety: patients with ketamine dependence have reported anxiety symptoms, including anxiety disorders 3, 4
- Craving: a primary symptom for addiction, craving is a key challenge for ketamine abusers attempting abstinence, and is linked to negative affect, such as depression and anxiety 4
Treatment and Management
Treatment for ketamine withdrawal may involve medication, such as diazepam, carbamazepine, and vitamins 3.
- Screening and management of depression are recommended for patients with ketamine dependence, particularly those with higher cravings 4
- Spontaneous remission of ketamine withdrawal-related depression has been reported, suggesting that clinicians should be aware of the possibility of withdrawal symptoms, including depression and anxiety 5