Differential Diagnosis for Hair Loss in Female Patient
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Androgenetic Alopecia (Female Pattern Hair Loss): This is the most common cause of hair loss in females, accounting for approximately 40% of cases. It is characterized by a gradual thinning of hair, particularly on the top and crown of the scalp, due to the conversion of terminal hairs to vellus hairs under the influence of androgens.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Telogen Effluvium: A condition that causes excessive hair shedding due to a disruption in the normal hair growth cycle, often triggered by stress, hormonal changes, or medical conditions. It is a common cause of hair loss in women and can be reversible.
- Alopecia Areata: An autoimmune condition that leads to patchy hair loss, which can occur anywhere on the body. It is more common in individuals with a family history of the condition or other autoimmune diseases.
- Thyroid Disorders: Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can cause hair loss due to the metabolic effects of thyroid hormones on hair growth.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in iron, zinc, biotin, or vitamin D can contribute to hair loss, as these nutrients are essential for maintaining healthy hair follicles.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A chronic autoimmune disease that can cause hair loss, among other systemic symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term damage.
- Thyroid Cancer: Although rare, thyroid cancer can cause hair loss, particularly if it leads to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
- Pituitary Tumors: Tumors affecting the pituitary gland can disrupt hormone production, including thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), leading to hair loss.
Rare Diagnoses
- Congenital Hair Loss Disorders: Conditions such as congenital alopecia or ectodermal dysplasias, which are present at birth and can cause hair loss.
- Lichen Planopilaris: A rare inflammatory condition that causes hair loss, particularly on the scalp, due to the destruction of hair follicles.
- Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A rare condition characterized by hair loss and scarring on the frontal scalp, often accompanied by eyebrow loss.
- Trichotillomania: A psychological disorder that involves compulsive hair pulling, leading to noticeable hair loss.