From the Guidelines
Radiation-induced cystitis symptoms include dysuria, urinary frequency, nocturia, and hesitancy, as well as potential long-term effects such as reduced bladder capacity, incontinence, and hematuria, as reported in a 2024 study by 1. These symptoms are a result of radiation damage to the bladder vasculature and smooth muscle fibers, leading to edema, cell death, and fibrosis, which can significantly impact a patient's quality of life [ 1 ]. Key symptoms to look out for include:
- Dysuria (painful urination)
- Urinary frequency
- Nocturia (waking up at night to urinate)
- Hesitancy
- Reduced bladder capacity
- Incontinence
- Hematuria (blood in the urine) According to a recent study [ 1 ], treatment for these symptoms may involve non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticholinergic agents, or analgesics for low-grade urinary symptoms, while more severe cases such as hemorrhagic cystitis may require hydration, hyperbaric oxygen, clot evacuation, or surgery. It is essential for patients experiencing these symptoms after radiation therapy to consult their healthcare provider promptly to discuss available treatment options and management strategies [ 1 ].
From the Research
Symptoms of Radiation-Induced Cystitis
- Hematuria, which may vary from mild to severe, life-threatening hemorrhage 2
- Pain 3
- Bleeding and clot retention 3
- Persistent suprapubic pain 3
- Urinary urgency 3
- Lower urinary tract symptoms 4
- Anemic-hematuria in its most serious form 4
Disease Characteristics
- Inflammatory bladder disease 4
- Obliterative endarteritis secondary to ionizing radiation leads to tissue hypoxia and poor healing 5
- Can develop from 6 months to 20 years after radiation therapy 2