Plantar Fasciitis: This is the most common cause of heel pain, resulting from inflammation of the plantar fascia, a band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot. It is often associated with overuse, poor foot mechanics, or inadequate footwear.

Achilles Tendinitis: Inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, can cause pain in the back of the heel. This condition is common in runners and athletes who participate in sports that involve running or jumping.
Heel Spurs: A bony growth on the underside of the heel bone, which can cause pain when walking or standing. Heel spurs are often associated with plantar fasciitis.
Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that cushion bones, tendons, and muscles near joints, can cause heel pain.
Stress Fracture: A small crack in one of the bones in the foot, often caused by overuse or repetitive stress, can lead to heel pain.

Infection (e.g., Osteomyelitis or Septic Arthritis): Although less common, infections in the foot or ankle can cause severe heel pain and have serious consequences if not promptly treated.
Tumor (e.g., Bone or Soft Tissue): Rarely, heel pain can be a symptom of a tumor in the foot or ankle. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment.
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Reduced blood flow to the feet can cause pain in the heel, especially when walking. PAD is a serious condition that requires medical attention.

Rheumatologic Conditions (e.g., Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis): Certain rheumatologic conditions can cause heel pain, although this is less common.
Nerve Entrapment (e.g., Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome): Compression of nerves in the foot can lead to heel pain, numbness, or tingling.
Paget's Disease of Bone: A rare condition that affects bone remodeling, leading to enlarged and deformed bones, which can cause heel pain.