From the Guidelines
Humalog is a rapid-acting insulin analog, specifically insulin lispro, with an onset of action within 5 minutes, peaking in 1 to 2 hours, and a duration of action of 3 to 4 hours. This classification is based on its pharmacokinetic properties, as outlined in a study published in the American Family Physician in 2006 1. The rapid-acting nature of Humalog makes it suitable for controlling postprandial blood glucose levels, as it closely mimics the body's natural insulin response to food.
Key characteristics of Humalog include:
- Onset of action: 5 minutes
- Peak action: 1 to 2 hours
- Duration of action: 3 to 4 hours
- Cost: Estimated at $78 for a 10-mL vial, based on average wholesale prices in 2006 1
In comparison to other types of insulin, such as regular insulin, intermediate-acting insulin (e.g., insulin isophane suspension), and long-acting insulin (e.g., glargine), Humalog's rapid onset and shorter duration make it particularly useful for mealtime insulin coverage. It is essential for patients to understand the onset, peak, and duration of their insulins to manage their diabetes effectively and avoid hypoglycemia, as emphasized in the study 1.
Proper use and storage of Humalog are crucial, including storing unopened vials in the refrigerator and opened vials or pens at room temperature for up to 28 days. Additionally, dosing should be adjusted based on blood glucose monitoring and under the guidance of a healthcare provider to avoid hypoglycemia.
From the Research
Type of Insulin
- Humalog is a biosynthetic insulin analogue, specifically insulin lispro 2
- It is a quick-acting insulin analogue with a faster onset of action and shorter duration of action compared to soluble insulin preparations 2
Characteristics of Insulin Lispro
- Insulin lispro has a reversed sequence of proline and lysine in the C-terminal portion of the B chain, which reduces self-association and allows for more rapid absorption into the circulation 2
- This characteristic enables Humalog to have a more rapid onset of action and a shorter duration of action, making it suitable for postprandial glucose control 2, 3, 4
Clinical Benefits
- Humalog allows for better matching of peak insulin action to food absorption following meals, resulting in improved postprandial glycemic control 2, 3, 5
- It also reduces the risk of hypoglycemia, particularly in the period before the next meal is due 2, 3, 4
- The ability to inject Humalog immediately before meals provides greater flexibility in lifestyle for patients 2, 3, 6