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Last updated: July 28, 2025View editorial policy

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Differential Diagnosis for Ulcer Mouth

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Aphthous ulcers: These are the most common cause of mouth ulcers and are characterized by small, painful, recurrent ulcers that can appear on the tongue, gums, or inside the cheeks. They are often triggered by stress, minor mouth injury, or certain foods.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Oral herpes (HSV-1): This viral infection can cause painful ulcers in the mouth, often accompanied by fever and swollen lymph nodes.
    • Traumatic ulcers: Accidental bites, dental work, or other injuries can cause ulcers in the mouth.
    • Denture-related ulcers: Poorly fitting dentures can cause irritation and ulcers in the mouth.
    • Oral lichen planus: A chronic inflammatory condition that can cause white patches and ulcers in the mouth.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Oral cancer: Although less common, ulcers in the mouth can be a sign of oral cancer, particularly if they are persistent, grow, or bleed easily.
    • Tuberculosis: In rare cases, TB can cause ulcers in the mouth, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
    • Syphilis: The secondary stage of syphilis can cause mouth ulcers, among other symptoms.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Behçet's disease: A rare condition that causes inflammation throughout the body, including mouth ulcers.
    • Pemphigus: A group of rare skin disorders that can cause blisters and ulcers in the mouth.
    • Erythema multiforme: A rare skin condition that can cause ulcers in the mouth, often triggered by infections or medications.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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