Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): This is the most common cause of urethral itchiness, especially in women. Bacterial infection leads to inflammation and irritation of the urethra, resulting in symptoms such as itching, burning during urination, and frequent urination.

Urethritis: Inflammation of the urethra, often caused by infection (gonorrhea, chlamydia) or irritation (from soaps, spermicides), leading to symptoms like itching, burning, and discharge.
Vaginitis: Inflammation of the vagina, which can cause itching and irritation that may be perceived as urethral itchiness, especially if the inflammation involves the urethral opening.
Prostatitis: In men, inflammation of the prostate gland can cause urethral discharge, pain, and itching, especially during urination.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Certain STIs like gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause urethral itching and discharge. Missing these diagnoses can lead to serious complications, including infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease.
Interstitial Cystitis: A chronic condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain, and sometimes pelvic pain. The symptoms can mimic those of a UTI and include urethral burning or itching, especially during urination.

Urethral Caruncle: A small, benign growth on the urethra that can cause itching, bleeding, and discomfort, more common in postmenopausal women.
Urethral Stricture: Narrowing of the urethra, often due to injury, instrumentation, or infection, which can cause obstructive urinary symptoms and possibly itching due to chronic irritation.
Lichen Sclerosus: A rare skin condition that can affect the genital and anal areas, causing itching, pain, and scarring. It can involve the urethral area, leading to symptoms of urethral itchiness.